Mgm And Corporate Social Responsibility - 1378 Words

MGM and Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) MGM Resorts International is a gaming, hospitalist and entertainment company based out of Paradise, Nevada. MGM was formally known as MGM Grand Inc. (1986-2000) and MGM Mirage (2000-2010). Their 15 properties spread across America and China. Within the company, the sense of Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) runs deep in it’s roots. Their values break down into three sections, Diversity inclusion, Environmental sustainability, Philanthropy and community engagement. MGM believes in a diverse workforce, and has inclusion programs that creates acceptance of other races within their workforce. In addition, they support events that represent diversity and supports minorities. It’s beliefs in Philanthropy and community engagement is explained by how much they give back to the community, the military and the people of America. MGM is recognized by the Las Vegas food bank, as well as the Nevada Military Support Alliance. MGM although a hospitality and entertainment company has methods to reduce water consumption and has introduced the switch to solar energy to all their properties within Las Vegas. When the Las Vegas properties are co mbined MGM consumes more water and engird then a small town, which was the reason for their switch to solar energy and their method introduced to reduce water consumption. MGM Resorts’ Community Engagement and Philanthropy MGM Resorts has been nationally recognized for its community engagement andShow MoreRelatedMgm Resorts : An International Hospitality Company1210 Words   |  5 Pages MGM Resorts Name Course Course title Course instructor Date MGM resorts are an international hospitality company featured in the Fortune 500 as one of the top global hospitality companies. The company is known to operate a portfolio of destination resort brands all over the globe. The company’s supply chain described as enhancing the inclusion of diversity in their commerce supply chain as its main priority in their global procurement program. Additionally the company has been layingRead MoreEssay on Microsoft Manages Legal and Ethical Issues1148 Words   |  5 Pagesrecognized in the field of corporate social responsibility and philanthropy. However, since 1990 the computing giant has been plagued by allegations of antitrust violations and monopolistic, non-competitive business practices. By answering the three questions posed in Part 5, Case 7 of Business Ethics: Ethical Decision Making and Cases; this review will address how such a legal and ethical dichotomy is possible, and how the issues relate to one another in terms of cor porate reputation. 1. What uniqueRead MoreThe Current Global Financial Meltdown Essay1627 Words   |  7 Pagesbalanced scorecard as a performance management system to support reporting on various management activities. Based on the literature, the non-financial measures used in this study are competitiveness, quality of service, innovation, community social responsibility, supplier performance resource utilization, and flexibility. This study supports the argument of Chan by noting that the link between the procurement process and the organizational competitiveness is that procurement is a cycle of which weRead MoreWorking On A Corporate Customer Service Program For All Mgm Resorts Dealers2414 Words   |  10 Pagesworking on a corporate customer service program for all MGM-Resorts dealers. He told me that he thought we some fantastic ideas, and the he might be able to incorporate some of them into his corporate program. After several months I was told that Mr. Kirby attended a corporate event were Greg Chase presented his customer service program â€Å"Table Games Guest Workshop†. Mr. Kirby took for the meet the accompanying literature the Mr. Chase gave to the attendees. The similarities between Mr. Chase’sRead MoreThe Studio System Essay14396 Words   |  58 Pagesthe global corporate entities which produce and distribute most of the films we watch. Starting in 1920, Adolph Zukor, head of Paramount Pictures, over the decade of the 1920s helped to fashion Hollywood into a vertically integrated system, a set of economic innovations which was firmly in place by 1930. For the next three decades, the movie industry in the United States and the rest of the world operated by according to these principles. Cultural, social and economicRead MoreMattel Inc3110 Words   |  13 PagesQuestion One: Do manufacturers of products for children have special responsibilities to consumers and society? What are these responsibilities and how well has Mattel met them? Provide evidence of Mattel’s strengths and weaknesses in this area. Yes. As Mattel’s products are designed primarily for children, it must be sensitive to societal concerns about children’s rights. Strengths Responsibility towards the community * Mattel recognizes international environment, different legal systemsRead MoreBasic Philosophy of Supply Chain Management(Sony)4960 Words   |  20 PagesAbstract This paper describes the basic philosophy to supply chain management in order to develop and implement comprehensive supply chain strategies for Sony Corporation in global operation. Sony is committed to fulfilling its responsibility to society as a corporate citizen, including managing its supply chain in a responsible manner. To achieve this goal, Sony is working with its business partners, suppliers and subcontractors to help ensure that they adhere to the same high standards as SonyRead MoreBasic Philosophy of Supply Chain Management(Sony)4953 Words   |  20 PagesAbstract This paper describes the basic philosophy to supply chain management in order to develop and implement comprehensive supply chain strategies for Sony Corporation in global operation. Sony is committed to fulfilling its responsibility to society as a corporate citizen, including managing its supply chain in a responsible manner. To achieve this goal, Sony is working with its business partners, suppliers and subcontractors to help ensure that they adhere to the same high standards as SonyRead MoreCasino Industry Strategy Case Study Essay6573 Words   |  27 Pagescontrol, cash procedure ï  ® Special and Intelligence Investigations: crime, gambling problems ï  ® Electronic Services: monitoring slot ï  ® Tax and License: tax, license fees ï  ® Economic Research ï  ® Enforcement: 24 hours inspection, arrest Social/Cultural Casinos have a major role in the dynamism of US tourism. Indeed, 65% of Americans and 84% of tourism professionals believe that the casino industry has a major importance for the whole US tourism industry. Moreover 82% of tourism professionalsRead MoreStarbucks Company Analysis9593 Words   |  39 Pagesincrease production that, in turn, contributes to a more sustainable supply of the high quality coffee that customers demand. To ensure this quality, Starbucks partners with C.A.F.E. Practices suppliers and Fair Trade Certified cooperatives (Social Responsibility, 2006). Further examples of their superior quality are Starbucks’ coffee buyers, tasters, and its quality control team, who taste an average 1,000 cups per day (Horovitz, 2006). Starbucks’ third distinctive competency is the innovation of

College Is Not The Right Path For Everyone - 1282 Words

When it comes to the topic of college most people will readily agree that it is important for everyone to get a college degree. Where this agreement usually ends, however, is on the question of if a college degree is necessary to find a career. Whereas some are convinced that a college degree is necessary to find a career in today’s society, the authors of â€Å"Should Everyone go to College?† Stephanie Owen and Isabel Sawhill, argue that college is important, but may not be the right path for everyone and people can still find successful careers without a college degree. I agree that college is not the right path for everyone because my experience with others whom have and have not gone to college confirms it. Owen and Sawhill claim that while a college education is important, it may not be the suitable path for everyone. There are many factors to be discussed when arguing if a college education is important for everyone. Owen and Sawhill state, the variation in return from going to college might not be worth it depending on the person. There are many different career options and higher education options that a college education may not be as important for. There are, however, many other aspects of college other than education. According to Owen and Sawhill, â€Å"there are social benefits to education, such as reduced crime rates and higher political participation† (Owen Sawhill, 208). In other words, the college experience grows an individual into a responsible participatingShow MoreRelatedCollege Is Not the Only Way1803 Words   |  7 Pagesto believe that college is the only path to success in life. Is it? Is college the right choice for everyone? Or are there better alternati ves? This year in the U.S., there are 17,487,575 students currently attending college classes. That’s is a pretty large number of students. Why is that number so large? Is there that many people currently attending college because that’s what they want to do? Or is the number so big because the majority of those students were told that college was something thatRead MoreGraduation Speech : Education Before Work871 Words   |  4 Pagesgoing to college you should think of the almost 40 thousand dollar per year pay difference that a college graduate and a high school drop out have. When you join the workforce right out of high school or instead of high school you essentially cut off any of the connections you can make through college because not only is college a source of knowledge is a source of connections. Throughout college you have experiences and classes that prepare you for the rest of your life and the career path you wantRead MoreHigher Education : Is It Worth It?977 Words   |  4 PagesHigher Education – Is It Worth It? Everyone always says that college is what you’re supposed to do after graduating; College has become an â€Å"expected† part of life. Everyone always says that you’re degree or â€Å"academic qualifications† is what will lead you on the road of success and help you achieve your goals. However, is it actually putting you on the road to success? Are your academic qualifications indeed important to your chances of a successful career? I think so. I find that a higher educationRead MoreEssay on Is College the Only Option for Success?902 Words   |  4 Pages From a young age, most kids have been brainwashed to believe that college is the only path to success in life. Is it? Is college the right choice for everyone? Or are there better alternatives? These are questions that have been asked many different times but it seems like there has been a lack of a clear-cut answer. There are many different things to consider when looking at colleges as the only path to success. The brainwashing of kids seems to start as soon as kids step foot in a schoolRead MoreThe Importance Of Higher Education745 Words   |  3 Pages Going to school for these years is now becoming a necessity, but now so is college too. In order to make a career for ones self it is necessary for them to attend a university, so wouldnt you say one needs college in order to make a career for yourself. Higher education is important because it can pave the path to a better economy and society, starting a career, and ensuring a better life, that is why going to college should be free. Education is one of the most important things we can giveRead MoreChoosing The Time Of My Life989 Words   |  4 Pagesyear, the year that is said to be â€Å"the time of my life,† was the year I proved everyone wrong. That year, I partook in â€Å"Dual Enrollment,† and took college courses as a part-time student, while also balancing a waitressing job, as well high school courses. It was difficult at first, but hard-work, and determination helped me complete the year. In the midst of it all, I was filling out college applications. Choosing a college to attend was not an easy decision. I was accepted into two great schools, butRead MoreIs University Is The Right Choice For Them?1290 Words   |  6 Pagesstudents consider going to a four-year university, or going to a community college in order to transfer into a university. The main question is whether going to a university is the right choice for them? According to Mike Rustigan’s article, â€Å"Is a colleg e degree necessary?† he stresses the negligence of vocational education as college is not for every student (Rustigan, 2010). I agree with Rustigan’s statement because if everyone is going for a career in the white-collar area, that mean there will beRead MoreHow Personal Responsibility, Self Sufficiency, And Citizen Leadership955 Words   |  4 Pagesextremely different paths for their futures. One Wes Moore went on to become a scholar, a decorated veteran, and a successful business leader. While the Other Wes Moore went on to serve a life sentence in prison. The book shares many examples of how personal responsibility, self-sufficiency, and citizen leadership can easily help shape and change the course of someone’s life path with only one simple decision. Expressing the importance of knowing the difference between right and wrong, and how onlyRead MoreMy Experience At High School1296 Words   |  6 Pageshigh school and I was still seventeen. I had applied to colleges throughout my senior year just to show my parents that I was doing it. I honestly had no idea what I wanted to do after high school, which was my first change. There are unlimited paths to take once you graduate high school, I did not know which one was for me. I had friends who all had a path they wanted to go down and accomplish, and most of them to this day are still on that path. As for me, I have changed my mind over twenty timesRead MoreCause And Effect Of Low Education Essay1234 Words   |  5 PagesCauses of Majority Drop-outs in a Higher Education The first thing most of us are conditioned to learn at a young age is if you are not a college graduate, you will not make it in this world. Although there is partial truth to this statement, it is important to know that college may not be for everyone and there are good paying jobs out there that don’t require any sort of higher education outside of high school. This may appeal to you if you just are concerned about making a living. For those of

Demographic and Geographic Analysis †Free Samples to Students

Question: Discuss about the Demographic and Geographic Analysis. Answer: Introduction: It has been critically observed that adolescent males involve more in physical activities than adolescent females do. The reason behind such observation can be broadly described into two segments. The first reason is that the male adolescents tend to spend huge amount of time in MVPA or moderate to vigorous activities (Davis, Wojcik DeWaele, 2016). Their engagement towards such activities increases their physical activity than females. It has also been observed that adolescent males perform a higher number of five-min bouts of moderate to vigorous activities than their female counterparts do. The second reason behind such observation is that adolescent males approximately focus on their exercise once a week which is critically lower in the adolescent females (Aires et al. 2010). Hence, it is evident that the participation of females is comparatively less than males in terms of physical activities. The sedentary behavior of females is higher than the males due to low competency level which decreases the engagement of females in physical activities. The energy and enthusiasm are in higher level among males than females which leads male students to participate more in PA than adolescent females. The main reason behind the increase in BMI or Body Mass Index among black females is higher because of their less engagement in physical activity. The schools do not engage their students much in the physical activities as well as the physical education programs are also not done at higher range (Dumith et al. 2010). The sedentary behavior of black females is in huge ration which makes them inactive in terms of physical activities. The basic factor that has been observed from the survey is the engagement of black females towards physical activities is less due to their inactive state of mind (Carraro, Scarpa Ventura, 2010). These females like to sit around doing nothing and also not engaging in any physical activities. This, in turn, increases the body mass index among black females as well as leads to less engagement towards physical activities. However, the physical activities among white females are comparatively higher. Therefore, it is evident that if the black females will not engage in physical activities then it might lead to lower fitness as well as higher obesity. The schools must take initiatives to conduct various physical activity programs while engaging the black females so that it will enhance their physical activity. Can you think of at least two reasons why very few researchers have looked at physical differences across ethnicities? Yes, it is evident that very few researchers have compared the physical differences across ethnicity. Although several efforts were made to study the differences in physical activities, fitness and obesity among females and male adolescents, very few researchers compared the study. The reason I think is the amount of time the study requires is considerably huge. Even the researchers, who made this particular study, conducted the study for over 10 years which is huge in terms of time (Chen Chang, 2010). The other reason might be the cooperation of the school management as well as parents. With the consent of parents, for engaging students; time and involvement of schools both are required. If they do not agree, then this kind of researches fails as it affects the results negatively. Even at times few data might get missed or can also have wrong data collecting procedure (Fogelholm, 2010). This can have a direct effect on the research. Therefore, critical monitoring, as well as dedic ation, is required towards the research for conducting perfectly. What information would have been helpful to report on these students? The students who did not participate in the study have been provided with a different assignment management. The alternative assignment was strictly provided to the four students by engaging them in physical education classes (Janssen LeBlanc, 2010). This had a negative effect on the outcome. If these students would have participated with the consent of their parents then an accurate result would have been formed. The fitness, obesity and physical activity levels of the selected group would have been more accurate for determining the results. The results that have been acquired would have been different as the body mass index of these students could have led to some other assumptions. Why would the authors say that a dropout rate of 0.1% is a limitation, as usually a dropout rate of 15-20% is accepted and normal? The author said that a dropout rate of 0.1% is a limitation because in general 15-20% is accepted and normal. However, this is a limitation of this study as it was the limiting factor from the original number of participants. If more than this percentage would have dropped out then, the result would have been negative which could have adversely affected the results. Owing to difference in instruction patterns and the curriculum, results get affected. Teachers instructional styles are also different from each other which can also affect a number of physical activities which the students experience in their physical education classes (Jimnez Pavn et al. 2010). Therefore, if the dropout rate would have been more than 1%, then the result would have been inaccurate. As in this study, only 413 students are participating from six different schools if the limitation percentage exceeds the results that have been obtained might be inaccurate. Name three characteristics or demographics you could collect about the school that would help this research study. The characteristics that have been acquired from the study reflects that the schools reside in the area where people from varied background reside. Primary characteristic could be presence of both white and black people. This is owing to difference in their sociological concepts management. The reason behind such perception is strictly based on the parents. Few parents do not want their children to participate in such research programs. The second characteristic is the presence of sedentary behaviour, which is common among the students. Hence, it could be assumed that there are people who have different sociological behavior (Kriemler et al. 2010). The third characteristic is the teacher and staffs are also reluctant of the school which results in lower physical activities of the students. Lack of staff availability is a major issue in the schools which concludes that the participating nature of teachers and staffs are quite low, which creates a direct impact on the students. Why do you think they do this? Omron leg-to-leg bioelectrical impedance scale is used to measure the percentage of body fat of each student. This technique is widely used everywhere for research programs. However, there has been evidence that this kind of segmental device is not reliable for measuring body fat percentage (Lotan, Yalon-Chamovitz Weiss, 2010). This kind of devices provides an acceptable correlation in terms of the changing weight over the time. However, these devices may not be accurate for providing reliable individual body composition measures. Some studies have also claimed that bioelectrical impedance devices provide accurate estimate of body composition measures in terms of high school student. Therefore, different authors have different assumptions and procedures for conducting this kind of study in schools. Even though this device provides inaccurate result sometimes but it does provides the correlation between weight and time (Welk et al. 2010). This device is appropriate for conducting stu dy in schools. It is true that few types of research suggest that this kind of devices is unreliable for studies. However, there is evidence too that this kind of study provides accurate measures as well. There are studies that suggested biometrical impedance analysis is accurate in terms of high school student. Therefore, even though there are few types of researches which do not support the procedure, biometrical impedance researches are relevant. This is the reason behind implementing this study in high schools. Individual body composition is accurately measured by the device which is helpful to learn the percentage of body fat of each student. Even in a study, the biometrical impedance analysis has been conducted on consumer grade which clearly interprets the correlation between weight and time (Moliner-Urdiales et al. 2010). It was proved by the study that weight changes over time. The way of measuring has been similar since ages, though different instruments have been invented. Biometrical im pedance analysis can be used easily and do provide accurate results for school students. Hence, BIA can be useful for measuring the body fat percentage of high school students and it has been used wisely by the researcher. What information would have been helpful here to interpret these findings? Each detail of each student would have been useful for interpreting these findings. The author clearly represented the average body mass index of students directly in the research. However, it would have been more significant if the author would have provided the detail result of each student. This would have been helpful to analyze the status of each student and have accurate findings. The results of each group based on gender and race should have been provided in details for better understanding the study that has been conducted (Pribis et al. 2010). The author has provided just the outcome of body mass index rather should have provided critical information about each student in a calculative manner. This information would have been used for further studies as well. The author should have provided the information in each separate group so that the results would have been much easier to interpret. Yes, it could be a useful clue for analysing other physical activities factors, in my opinion. These findings can be helpful for enhancing the fitness level among students by learning their physical as well as social needs. As per my understanding, the availability of healthy foods, parks, walking paths can help to analyze the social as well as the economic situation of the students (Roy, Springer, McNulty Butler, 2010). It could be derived if the students are having healthy food or not, whether they get to play in parks or not. This kind of information can help to analyze whether their social needs are getting accomplished because it will have a direct effect on the body fitness level of the students. If these findings are dissatisfactory, it indicates that an adverse effect on the physical activities of the students could be expected. Sedentary behavior is common among the students of the six schools, therefore it can be assumed that they do not participate or do not get to partic ipate in the areas which will enhance their physical activities (Ruiz et al. 2010). Studying their external behavior outside the school can help to learn the reason behind low engagement in physical activities. Name at least three other limitations (not mentioned in this article) of this study. The participating schools were only six from south eastern high schools; however, there are many more schools which need to be studied too for better results. Therefore, the results that have been acquired cannot be generalized in terms of other schools. The students who participated in the study were from nine to twelve grades. Therefore, this result cannot be generalized in terms of other grade levels. Sedentary behavior is just one of the segments which affect physical activities of students (Sacheck, Kuder, Economos, 2010). There are several other factors that affect physical activities of students incorporating, however not limited to life patterns, natural ability, sleep, etc. Only three fitness measures have been used, those are PACER, Modifies Curl-ups and Back-Saver sit and reach for analyzing BMI and physical activity patterns. Therefore, the results achieved cannot be generalized with other instruments of academic achievement. Reference list Aires, L., Silva, P., Silva, G., Santos, M. P., Ribeiro, J. C., Mota, J. (2010). Intensity of physical activity, cardiorespiratory fitness, and body mass index in youth.Journal of Physical Activity and Health,7(1), 54-59. Carraro, A., Scarpa, S., Ventura, L. (2010). Relationships between physical self-concept and physical fitness in italian adolescents.Perceptual and Motor Skills,110(2), 522-530. Chen, W., Chang, M. H. (2010). New growth charts for Taiwanese children and adolescents based on World Health Organization standards and health-related physical fitness.Pediatrics Neonatology,51(2), 69-79. Davis, K. L., Wojcik, J. R., DeWaele, C. S. (2016). A comparison of the fitness, obesity, and physical activity levels of high school physical education students across race and gender.Physical Educator,73(1), 15. Dumith, S. C., Ramires, V. V., Souza, M. A., Moraes, D. S., Petry, F. G., Oliveira, E. S., ... Hallal, P. C. (2010). Overweight/obesity and physical fitness among children and adolescents.Journal of Physical Activity and health,7(5), 641-648. Fogelholm, M. (2010). Physical activity, fitness and fatness: relations to mortality, morbidity and disease risk factors. A systematic review.Obesity reviews,11(3), 202-221. Janssen, I., LeBlanc, A. G. (2010). Systematic review of the health benefits of physical activity and fitness in school-aged children and youth.International journal of behavioral nutrition and physical activity,7(1), 40. Jimnez Pavn, D., Ortega, F. B., Ruiz, J. R., Espaa Romero, V., Garcia Artero, E., Moliner Urdiales, D., ... Rpasy, J. (2010). Socioeconomic status influences physical fitness in European adolescents independently of body fat and physical activity: the HELENA study.Nutricion hospitalaria,25(2). Kriemler, S., Zahner, L., Schindler, C., Meyer, U., Hartmann, T., Hebestreit, H., ... Puder, J. J. (2010). Effect of school based physical activity programme (KISS) on fitness and adiposity in primary schoolchildren: cluster randomised controlled trial.Bmj,340, c785. Lotan, M., Yalon-Chamovitz, S., Weiss, P. L. T. (2010). Virtual reality as means to improve physical fitness of individuals at a severe level of intellectual and developmental disability.Research in developmental disabilities,31(4), 869-874. Moliner-Urdiales, D., Ruiz, J. R., Ortega, F. B., Jimnez-Pavn, D., Vicente-Rodriguez, G., Rey-Lpez, J. P., ... Noriega-Borge, M. J. (2010). Secular trends in health-related physical fitness in Spanish adolescents: the AVENA and HELENA studies.Journal of Science and Medicine in Sport,13(6), 584-588. Pribis, P., Burtnack, C. A., McKenzie, S. O., Thayer, J. (2010). Trends in body fat, body mass index and physical fitness among male and female college students.Nutrients,2(10), 1075-1085. Roy, T. C., Springer, B. A., McNulty, V., Butler, N. L. (2010). Physical fitness.Military Medicine. Ruiz, J. R., Castro-Piero, J., Espaa-Romero, V., Artero, E. G., Ortega, F. B., Cuenca, M. M., ... Gutirrez, . (2010). Field-based fitness assessment in young people: the ALPHA health-related fitness test battery for children and adolescents.British journal of sports medicine, bjsports75341. Sacheck, J. M., Kuder, J. F., Economos, C. D. (2010). Physical fitness, adiposity, and metabolic risk factors in young college students.Medicine and science in sports and exercise,42(6), 1039-1044. Welk, G. J., Meredith, M. D., Ihmels, M., Seeger, C. (2010). Distribution of health-related physical fitness in Texas youth: A demographic and geographic analysis.Research quarterly for exercise and sport,81(sup3), S6-S15.

Organization and Monitoring of Clinical Trials

Introduction Psychotherapists have always preferred using placebos as a way of making their patients develop positive attitude towards a given medication. According to Harrington (1999), placebos are inert drugs given to patients in order to improve their psychological conditions while in the process of receiving physiological attention.Advertising We will write a custom research paper sample on Organization and Monitoring of Clinical Trials specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Given that the drug is inert, it does not have any physiological effect on the patient. However, the patient will believe that the drug is functional, and they will develop a feeling that their physical condition is improving. This condition has always been described as placebo effect. Clinicians often use it as part of improving the psychological state of their patients. However, there has been need to find real solutions to patients who need physiological and psychological attention. For this reason, Perfect Sponsor has come up with a Wonder Drug that would be able to offer these patients real solution other than basing the treatment on false beliefs. This therapeutic agent will be able to help patients who have physiological problems that need therapeutic attention. Super CRO has been contracted to conduct Phase III North American registration trial in order to determine the safety and efficiency of this wonder drug. It is important to develop a clear plan of the activities that would be carried out before the project can commence. The plan must specify individuals who will be participating in various activities, and the time each activity is estimated to take. The project will target adults aged from 18 to 75 years. Site Selection Site selection will be the first activity that would be undertaken by the project members. Perfect Sponsor has stated that it desires to have 20 sites in Canada and another 20 sites in the United States. Thi s means that the project will cover 40 locations in total. The first activity would be to select 20 individuals who live in the United States and another 20 in Canada. These forty individuals must be clinicians who have some administrative experience. They will be selected from the hospitals that have been sampled to participate in this project. In Canada, the participating hospitals will be Bassano Health Center, Oilfield General Hospital, Boyle Health Center, St. Mary’s Hospital, Our Lady of the Rosary Hospital, and Cochrane Community Health Center. Others include Daysland Health Center, High River General Hospital, Hinton General Hospital, Sacred Heart Community Health Center, Medicine Hat Regional Hospital, Milk River Hospital, Big Country Health Center, Raymond Hospital, St. Paul Health Care Center, Taber Hospital, Three Hills Health Center, St. Joseph General Hospital, Viking Health Center, and West Lock Health Center. In the United States, the participating hospitals w ill include St. Mary’s Hospital, Ronald Reagan UCLA Medical Center, Duke University Hospital, Johns Hopkins Hospital, UCFS Medical Center, Cleveland Clinic, Massachusetts General Hospital, and Indiana University Health Center.Advertising Looking for research paper on health medicine? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Others include University Hospital of Cleveland, University of Michigan Health System, Vanderbit University Hospital, Mount Sinai Hospital, Yale New Haven Hospital, University of Iowa Hospital, Ohsu Hospitals, UPMC Presbyterian Shadyside, Barnes Jewish Hospital, Shands Hospital, and University of Wi Hospital. The administrators at these selected sites will be the project team leaders at these sites. They will be working directly with the project coordinators. There will be two project coordinators. One will be in charge of the operations in the United States while the other will monitor operations in Canada. The entire process is expected to take two months, from January 1 to February 28. Investigator meeting When the above forty team leaders have been confirmed, a meeting will be held at the head offices of Super CRO in the United States. The two regional project coordinators will also accompany these team leaders. The project coordinator will chair the meeting that will also be attended by selected officials from the Perfect Sponsor. Given that the Perfect Sponsor is the owner of this project, it is important to ensure that its officials are present during the induction process. The fact that these team leaders will be responsible for all the activities taking place at their assigned sites, it is necessary to conduct the induction process with a lot of precision. The induction will be conducted by doctors from the Perfect Sponsor in close coordination with clinicians of Super CRO. This process is estimated to take a period of one month, from first to thirty-first of March. The team l eaders will be guided on what to do while at the site. It is believed that one month is enough to make them be able to participate in this project successfully. Master File set-up and Regulatory Document Collection When the induction process is completed, the next activity will be setting up of master file, and development of regulatory document collection (Tonnquist, 2009). As mentioned, this project will take place in two different countries at forty locations. The geographical locations of these places are far apart, and it is necessary to ensure that data collection process is done properly to make this project successful. It means that the documentation must follow a given pattern that is clear and easy to follow-up. For this reason, the project manager will develop an online filing system. The two regional coordinators will be assigned twenty team leaders as per the country of participation.Advertising We will write a custom research paper sample on Organization and Monit oring of Clinical Trials specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More The regional coordinator in the United States will be given a code name of US, while that in Canada will be given the code CD. Each of the forty-team leaders will be assigned code numbers based on the codes of their regional leaders. This means that those from the United States will have their codes starting from US1 to US20. Those in Canada will have their codes starting from CD1 to CD20. This way, it will be easier to determine the regions where each participant is coming from, and the particular participant based on the code they have. All the team leaders, the regional coordinators, the officials from the Perfect Sponsor, and the project manager will be present in order to make it possible to understand the identity of the participants. An online database will then be developed, and each of the codes entered. The team leaders will be expected to identify themselves using th e codes. However, their names will be reflected on the codes to enhance clarity. However, the names will not be released to the public during the final release of the report. The report will only identify them using these codes. This process is expected to take two days. Protocol Development The next stage will be the development of protocol. In every project, it is always important to develop a clear protocol that would be used to guide all the activities that will be conducted. In the development of protocol, there will be need to have all the participants in this project. At this stage, the officials of the Perfect Sponsor may not be needed. This does not mean that they are restricted from attending these sessions. However, their role may be of limited use at this stage. The reporting protocol must be made clear to all the participants. The information on what should be conducted and any necessary adjustments will be coming from the sponsor to the project manager. The project man ager would then pass this information to the two coordinators. These coordinators will be expected to communicate directly to the team leaders. The team leaders can then direct the individual participants at their sites as may be necessary. The order of seniority will follow this channel. This means that at no stage will any information be passed without following the correct path to the head office. The team leaders will collect information from the field and pass it to the regional coordinator. The regional coordinator will pass this information to the project manager who will then be able to inform the sponsor of the progress being made in the project. However, the officials of the Perfect Sponsor are allowed to intercept this information at any point in this channel. When this happens, the officer responsible at that stage must inform the superior that the officials of the sponsor had intercepted some information. This information must reach the project manager so that he can de termine how to inform the sponsor on the progress. This is expected to take one day. The team leaders, project coordinators, and project manager must be present at this stage.Advertising Looking for research paper on health medicine? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Case Report Form Development The next stage will involve case report form development. The forty-team leaders must have a clear common method of reporting their findings to their superiors. It is important to ensure that the manner in which the team leaders in different regions in the United States report is similar to the way team leaders in Canada report. This means that it is necessary to develop a universal case report form that would be used by all the team leaders. This must be done when all the relevant officers are present. In fact they would be involved in coming up with the right format. The two regional coordinators will head the process of developing case report form in presence of the project manager. The regional coordinators will engage the team leaders in coming up with the most appropriate report form. The process would involve comparing some of the previously used case report forms. The team will develop a form that meets the present needs in the best manner. When this is completed, the project manager will engage the two regional coordinators in developing another case report form that the two will use to compile reports from the team leaders and then report to the project manager. The project manager will also involve the two officers in developing a form that he will use to compile the two reports into one document that shall be sent to the Perfect Sponsor. This process is expected to take one week. The officials of the Perfect Sponsor will be expected to attend the meeting so that they may understand the way the report will be made. Study Drug Management The next activity will be the study drug management. This very sensitive area will need total concentration of the members involved. This is because it involves development of a prototype that will be used in the field. The special doctors from the Super CRO who were involved in the development of the wonder drug will head the process. They will be responsible for the induction process th at will take place at this stage. The members needed at this stage include the project manager, the regional coordinators, the team leaders, officials from the Perfect Sponsor and the special doctors. The doctors will head all the sessions at this stage. They will start by explaining the way placebo drugs have been used and their impact in enhancing the conditions of patients. They will explain how psychologists have used these drugs to improve conditions of their patients. They will then explain to the team members some of the special features of the new wonder drugs. They will inform the team members the history of this drug, some of the success stories it has, and any other special characteristics that makes it superior to the placebo drugs. The specialists will try to compare the two drugs, identifying some of the benefits of the new wonder drug to the patients and medics. The project manager and the two regional coordinators will act as secretaries at this stage. They will take notes on all the proceedings at this stage. The team leaders are expected to be very active during this process. They are expected to pose any relevant questions to the specialist because they will be at the field. They may face challenges in the field, and therefore, must attempt to ensure that they are fully equipped for the activities ahead. The specialists will make all the demonstrations needed in this research. They will respond to all the questions posed. In essence, they will be trying to ensure that the participants will be able to handle all the needed issues in the field. This process is expected to take a period of two weeks. It may be extended to one month or more based on the prevailing conditions. Regulatory document checklist It is important to understand that this is a new drug that is being introduced for the first time. It is necessary to have clear documents that will support the drug release. As Böttcher (2003) notes, this is a legal requirements that must be observed during this project. The team leaders will need this document when they are in the field to validate their activities. They will need to present the document to various regulatory authorities in their respective regions. The most important document at this stage will be the Medical Release Form that will be used to grant consent to introduce this new drug. All the scientists who were involved in the development of form must sign. In the form, they must state the entire process that led to the development of the drug, and all the elements in it. The document must state some of the side effect that comes with the use of the drug. The document must also state how the side effects can be managed. The project manager must sign the document as an indication that he has approved the project. Site feasibility assessment The feasibility assessment will be conducted in two regions in Canada and another two regions in the United States. The two regional coordinators and the financi al officers in this project will conduct this activity. The choice of the two hospitals will be made randomly. These officers will determine if there is need for the project, and the costs it will take. They will then determine the benefits of the project. They will finally make a conclusion as to the advantages of using this new drug. Agenda for Investigator Meeting In a meeting, there must be a clear agenda explaining some of the activities that will be carried out (Nagarajan, 2005). It helps in guiding such meetings. The following is the agenda of the final meeting that will be carried before the team members are sent to the field. Agenda 1: The project manager making official opening remarks and welcoming all members to the meeting Agenda 2: Activities to be undertaken in the field by project members and the desired duration Agenda 3: Some of the challenges that the project members will face in the field and how to mitigate them Agenda 4: Meeting government officials in relevant offices to explain this project Agenda 5: Any other business Conclusion This project is expected to bring a complete change in the medical field. Placebo drugs have been used for a long time to treat patients. However, recent reports have shown that the placebo drugs are not ethical because they give patients false impression that they have been treated. This wonder drug is expected to introduce an efficient and effective way of phasing out placebo drugs. References Böttcher, H. M. (2003). Wonder drugs: A history of antibiotics. Philadelphia: Lippincott. Harrington, A. (1999). The placebo effect: An interdisciplinary exploration. Cambridge: Harvard University Press. Nagarajan, K. (2005). Project management. New Delhi: New Age International. Tonnquist, B. (2009). Project management: A complete guide. Aarhus: Academica. This research paper on Organization and Monitoring of Clinical Trials was written and submitted by user Thaddeus Fulton to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.

Mrsa Essays

Mrsa Essays Mrsa Essay Mrsa Essay MRSA: An evolving â€Å"super-bug† epidemic MRSA stands for Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) and is a bacterial infection that is highly resistant to some antibiotics. In short, antibiotics have been used since the 40s to stop the growth of bacteria. However, the more antibiotics are used, the quicker the bacteria become resistant to it while each year more types of bacteria adapt and become resistant to antibiotics. With MRSA being so resistant to many of the antibiotics, classifying it as a â€Å"super-bug†, it makes treatment of skin infections and invasive internal infections much more complicated. This leads to many yearly deaths. In fact, MRSA statistics show that more people die each year from MRSA infections than the AIDS virus. Etiology: MRSA is a strain of Staphylococcus aureus bacteria, which is also known as the staph infection. It is also medically known as S. aureus and is a common type of bacteria that normally live on the skin and sometimes in the nasal passages of healthy people. This S. aureus strain does not respond to some of the antibiotics used to treat staph infections. The bacteria can cause infection when they enter the body through a cut, sore, catheter, or breathing tube or simply when it comes into contact with the skin. The infection can be as minor as a cut or pimple or it can be more serious when it involves the heart or lungs. However, serious staph infections are more common in people with weak immune systems such as the elderly or those who are already sick and hospitalized. MRSA infections are grouped into two types based on their causative factors. In Healthcare-associated MRSA (HA-MRSA) infections, people who are or have recently been in a hospital or health-care facility are affected. A large percentage of hospital-acquired staph infections are related to MRSA bacteria. On the other hand, Community-associated MRSA (CA-MRSA) infections occur in people who have not recently been in the hospital within the past year. This type of infection has occurred among athletes who share equipment or personal items and children in daycare facilities. Members of the military and those who get tattoos are also at risk. A friend of mine acquired MRSA from a hot tub at a hotel resort while on vacation. This is also why it is important to cover toilet seats while using a public restroom or clean the gym equipment before and after you use it. Page 2 Epidemiology: MRSA has become a growing concern. Research indicates that this violent bacteria is evolving rapidly and cases even outside healthcare facilities are increasing. As many as 1. 2 million U. S. hospital patients are infected with MRSA each year, which is almost 10 times more than previously estimated. According to the Centers for Disease Control, in the year 2005, MRSA was responsible for an estimated 94,000 invasive life-threatening infections and close to 19,000 deaths. In the US alone, there were an estimated12 million doctor or hospital visits for skin and soft tissue infections suspected to be caused by staph aureus in the year 2003. The most recent statistics show that 20% of bloodstream infections in hospitals are now caused by MRSA. The common cause for this growing disease is that hospital staff who do not follow proper sanitary procedures transfer the bacteria from patient to patient. Some hospitals screen for MRSA and isolate such patients, but most US hospitals do not yet do this. On the other hand, statistics show that as hospital related MRSA is declining to due to improved precautions, community related MRSA is on the rise. Until recently, hospitals were the most likely place that people would get MRSA, but now the biggest MRSA health risk is related to community acquired MRSA. According to the Journal of the American Medical Association, CA-MRSA has become the most frequent cause of skin and soft tissue infections in the United States. The CDC reports that in 2007, 14% of people with MRSA infections had CA-MRSA. Pathogenesis: The most common symptoms of MRSA start with a red, swollen, and painful area on the skin. It is advised to recognize these signs and consult a doctor as soon as these symptoms arise. You should keep an eye on minor skin problems such as pimples, insect bites, cuts and scrapes (especially in children) and see a doctor if the wounds become infected. Other symptoms and signs that the infection is developing include drainage of pus or other fluids from the site, fever, skin abscesses, and warmth around the infected area. Symptoms of more serious MRSA cases that indicate the infection has spread include chest pain, chills, cough, fatigue, general ill feeling (malaise), headache, muscle aches, rash, and shortness of breath. The risk factors for the two different strains of MRSA differ. In the healthcare associated MRSA, the risk is obviously increased for elderly patients and those who are sick with weakened immune systems. The risk of MRSA is also higher among patients who have an invasive medical device inserted such as IVs and catheters. These provide a pathway for MRSA to get into the body. MRSA is also more prevalent in nursing homes. Carriers of MRSA have the ability to Page 3 spread it even if theyre not sick or show symptoms of infection. In terms of community acquired MRSA, those at higher risk include people who participate in contact sports since it spreads easily through cuts and abrasions and skin-to-skin contact. Also, are those living in crowded or unsanitary conditions. Outbreaks of MRSA have occurred in military training camps, child care centers, and jails. It is also said that homosexual men are at higher risk of developing MRSA infections. Diagnostic tools and techniques: After a doctor suspects MRSA, they will send a sample of tissue or a culture from the wound area and/or nasal secretion to a lab. The sample is placed in a dish of nutrients that encourage bacterial growth. It takes about 48 hours for the bacteria to grow in order to screen the results. However, newer tests still in research stages, can detect staph DNA in a matter of hours are now becoming more widely available. These new methods test for a gene that confers resistance to the antibiotics Methicillin, Oxacillin, Nafcillin, and Dicloxacillin and other similar antibiotics. Molecular tests for MRSA screening have the potential to detect nasal or wound carriage within hours instead of days required by culture, which then educes the risk of MRSA related complications. If either a culture or a molecular test is positive for MRSA, then the person is diagnosed with MRSA at the site that was tested. There are several conditions that can mimic MRSA before the area is tested for the bacteria. Some of the symptoms associated with MRSA are also associated with a yeast infection, diaper rash, acne, dermatitis, an ingrown hai r, and bed sores. Treatment: As stated by the U. S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention: First-line treatment for mild abscesses is incision and drainage. Doctors will drain the affected hair and/or cut out the skin area that is affected by MRSA. This prevents growth and spread. Fortunately, most MRSA still can also still be treated by certain antibiotics. The CDC also states: If antibiotic treatment is clinically indicated, it should be guided by the susceptibility profile of the organism. When the tests are run to determine that the Staph bacteria isolated from a given patient are Methicillin resistant, these tests also provide information about which antibiotics can successfully kill the bacteria (its susceptibility profile). Penicillin was once used as an effective antibiotic treatment against the staph bacteria, but after using it for just a Page 4 decade, half of the staph bacteria became resistant to the antibiotic. Now less than 10% of staph infections will respond t o the Penicillin. Today, doctors use Vancomycin, which is a much stronger and more toxic antibiotic. Most moderate to severe infections need to be treated by intravenous antibiotics, usually given in the hospital setting. Prognosis: Since the beginning of 2010, the average adult death rate was about 5% of MRSA infected patients. A study in 2009 shows that children under 18 years old are at less risk of dying from MRSA. Their mortality rate is currently about 1% of all infected patients. Community acquired MRSA has far less complications than hospital acquired as long as the patient adequately responds to treatment and does not require hospitalization. However, patients with complications generally are at greater risk for a far worse outcome. Complications of MRSA can occur in all organ systems and can lead to permanent organ damage or death. They include kidney or lung infection, heart disease, bone infection, tissue damage, and blood poisoning. Of course, early diagnosis and treatment usually results in better outcomes and the reduction of further complications. It could take up to several months to recover from MRSA depending how much of the body is infected, complications, and how antibiotics respond. People who are infected are tested until the lab tests come up negative. Preventive Methods: There are several ways to lower a persons risk of acquiring both hospital and community associated MRSA. In hospitals, people who are detected with MRSA bacteria are often placed in isolation. Visitors and healthcare workers in contact with people in isolation are required to wear protective garments and follow strict hygiene procedures. Contaminated materials are also disinfected. Hospitals are required to follow strict procedures to prevent MRSA from spreading. There are several preventative methods for community related MRSA. Washing hands with soap is a major factor in preventing infection. You should wash them several times a day, especially after using restrooms or touching public materials such as payphones, rails, money, and so on. It is also important to have hand sanitizer for when no soap or water is available. Another method is to keep cuts and sores covered by bandages. It will prevent MRSA from infecting a wound or prevents wounds already infected from spreading. Its also said to avoid sharing personal items such as towels, razors, sheets, athletic equipment, and more. Prevention also includes showering after athletic games and practices and to use soap Page 5 and water and not share towels. Finally, its important to sanitize linens. You should always wash athletic cloths in hot water after each use and regularly wash bed sheets and bath towels. There is currently no vaccine to guard against MRSA, but several public facilities offer educational materials to prevent it. Various school campuses, health facilities, athletic organizations, and so on offer classes, brochures, and other resources to guard against MRSA and reduce an outbreak. In conclusion, as this strain of staph related bacteria continues to evolve and become resistant to more and more antibiotics, the number of cases of those infected outside of hospitals is on the rise. This infectious disease known as MRSA has become an epidemic that has led to more deaths in recent years than the AIDS virus. Research for immunization is currently being conducted, but in the meantime, it is crucial to your health to be more aware of the preventative methods. References: Medicinenet- â€Å"MRSA Infections†(pgs1 to 6): www. medicinenet. com/mrsa_infection/article. htm Mayo Clinic- â€Å"MRSA Infection† (pgs 1 to 9): www. mayoclinic. com/health/mrsa/DS00735 Beers, M. H. Berkow, R. (Eds. ). (2005). The Merck Manual of Diagnosis and Therapy (17thed. ). Whitehouse Station, N. J. : Merck and Company.

How to Fix Passive Voice The Dead-Simple Guide

How to Fix Passive Voice The Dead-Simple Guide How to Fix Passive Voice Acquisition editors have eagle-eyes for both talent and for amateurs. They’re looking for stuff to buy and publish, and most are so overwhelmed with submissions, they’ve learned to quickly spot anything that allows them to set your piece aside. Sound cruel? They don’t want reject your writing. But because of their work loads (and their goal- finding something they know will sell), once they see the mark of a novice, they’re on to the next manuscript. Even experienced writers see their work land in the reject pile if they allow passive voice to creep in. Give your manuscript a fighting chance and learn how to fix  passive voice  before you submit. Need help fine-tuning your writing?  Click here to download my free self-editing checklist. What Is  Passive Voice? I could tell you about subjects and objects and verbs  and which is acting vs. being acted upon,   avoiding adverbs, and all that. But unless you excelled at diagramming sentences in school, that’s going to sound like gibberish. The easiest way to spot passive voice is to look for state-of-being verbs and often the word by. And the best way I know to teach this is by example. Passive Voice Misuse Passive: The party was planned by Jill. Active: Jill planned the party. Passive: The wedding cake was created by Ben. Active: Ben created the wedding cake. Passive: The Little League team was given trophies by the coaches. Active: The coaches gave the Little League team trophies. Passive: A good time was had by all. Active: Everybody had a good time. Avoid passive voice to increase your chances of getting more than five minutes of an editor’s time. Active Voice Strengthens Your Prose Avoiding passive voice will set you apart from much of your competition, but even better, it will give your writing a distinct ring of clarity. Scour your work-in-progress for passive voice, root it out, replace it with active, and see how much more powerfully it reads. That’s the kind of writing that gets more of an editor’s time. Need help fine-tuning your writing?  Click here to download my free self-editing checklist. Has this helped clarify how to fix passive voice? Do you still have questions for me or tips for others on how you’d dealt with this? Tell me in the comments.

Case Study Analysis Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Case Study Analysis - Essay Example The upholding of these values is what has made IKEA what it is today. This is because in trying to please and satisfy the customer, they learnt how to expand and offer the best customer service and maintain their ethical conduct and also manage competition. One of the strategies was carrying out market research on what the customers and other regular people wanted. By so doing they came to realize that they wanted good quality but at an affordable price. This made them come up with ways of reducing the miscellaneous costs like storage and transportation which made the end product is expensive. They therefore started the â€Å"knockdown† where the customers went to assemble the furniture on their own hence cutting the transportation and storage costs. The other strategy was developing a mutual relationship with the suppliers. This way the company was able to purchase the best raw material at a lower cost and even on credit. They got to know what the competitors were doing since the suppliers of the products were the same. This made them be on top of their game by having the best raw materials and the cheapest final products and hence more and more customers (Bartlett et al. November, 2006). The formaldehyde issue was responded to by the company working directly with manufactures to ensure that the substance did not exceed the gas it produces. Later on when the problem returned, IKEA pulled their bookshelves from the market as an immediate measure before resolving the problem. In the second crises, IKEA sent a team to Geneva to learn more about the child labor problem and how they could correct the problem without having to hurt too many people in the long run and at the same time maintaining and protecting its status. This was such an ideal move that made it even move higher up in customer service and its values (Bartlett et al. November, 2006). IKEA demonstrated that it

Individual paper Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Individual paper - Essay Example I find my posture as the most important physical attribute in my life. In addition, the endurance that ensures that I participate in tough physical activities for long is another physical attribute I liked in my life. On the other hand, I find my body as evenly built with the features being proportional to each other. I also consider myself as one who is slow to aging. Finally, I find myself very flexible. The most important thing I need to change is my perfectionism nature. I should realize that we do not exist in a perfect world and accept failure. Similarly, I need to be more courageous in life and accept all challenges that were thrown my way. On the other hand, I find myself as a person who loses the drive and motivation to move ahead despite the challenges that are my way. In effect, this has prevented me to achieve many milestones in life, and I need to change this trait. Importantly, I should instill persistence and the personality trait of optimism in order to achieve a lot in life. Biological theories of homosexuality fit into the discussion about reproduction and sexuality. In this case, these theories only worked to alienate the homosexuals from the society and only classify them as the ‘other’ people who were different from what the society considered the normal. In this case, the theories explained the causes of homosexuality while also working towards excluding homosexuals from the society as a peculiar practice. Despite all this, the theories also played a significant role in advocating for homosexuality with each theory being a specific therapy as a cure for homosexuality. The issue of abortion has been one of the most controversial issues in the history of the United States. The issue has made the discussion focus on two opposing sides in the debate with one side being pro-life while the other side is pro-choice. Nonetheless, there are pros and cons that abound in each side of the debate.

Last Day of the Last Furlough Essay Example for Free

Last Day of the Last Furlough Essay Lessons learned from Isolation in A Complicated Kindness and The Catcher in the Rye Love, sex and drugs; the few things that affect teenagers as they transition to adults. When becoming an adult there is a realization that one can no longer depend on their parents and there are overwhelming responsibilities such as going to school and getting the job. Teenagers are notorious for believing that it is themselves versus the world. The stress of becoming an adult is overpowering, and people cope differently with the change. Some teenagers rebel against their family and friends. This causes them to grow distant from the people they are close with. As a result some teenagers gradually isolate themselves, they confine in their isolation as it is their comfort zone. People can also isolate themselves because they cannot relate to others; this causes them to be excluded. In the novel A Complicated Kindness, the main character Nomi Nickel feels isolated as she does not agree with her community’s rules. To cope with her isolation she decides to rebel against her humble upbringings. Similarly, the character Holden Caulfield from The Catcher in the Rye faces isolation, to cope he begins to fail most of his classes. Although Nomi Nickel from Miriam Toews’ A Complicated Kindness, and Holden Caulfield from J.D Salinger’s The Catcher in the Rye rebel to compensate for their isolation , both ultimately realize valuable lessons. Nomi Nickel realizes that she is accepts her Mennonite community, whereas Holden Caulfield realizes that people have to change in order to develop character. The characters Nomi Nickel and Holden Caulfield lose loved ones; in order to cope with their grief they seclude themselves from their surroundings. Nomi is abandoned by her sister Tash Nickel and her mother Trudie Nickel. Trudie and Tash were excommunicated from the town, it causes their departure from East Village. Trudie and Tash were considered defiant to the conservative Mennonite community. The feeling of exclusion caused emotional distress on Trudie and Tash, they did not have any option but to leave. Margaret Boe Birns argues â€Å"By excluding those who come into conflict with the community, shunning can destroy the relationship between neighbours and, as in the case of the Nickel family, cruelly divide family members.† This is true in Nomi’s case because the dividing has separated her family, the family members are in a predicament on whether to choose each other or their religion. The church’s shunning is highly responsible for separating her family as some of her family members were no longer welcomed in the community. Since Nomi lost her mother and sister she is isolated. She furthers this isolation by not having a relationship with her father, Ray Nickel. Nomi has waited three years for her family to rejoin, â€Å"If we could get out of this town things might be better but we aren’t we are waiting for Trudie and Tash to come back† (Toews 4). Nomi is disheartened that her family is broken up, but she remains in the town in case her mother and sister come back. Although things may be better elsewhere Nomi and Ray stay in the town in hopes that their family will no longer divided. Ultimately, until a possible reunion Nomi goes against her community’s rules and teachings as it is the driving force of her family splitting. She isolates herself from the community as she feels loyal to her mother and sister when doing so. Similarly, Holden suffers the loss of his brother Allie who died of cancer this causes Holden to alienate himself. Holden is isolated because the only person he can relate to is his brother who is dead. Holden’s last remark â€Å"Don’t ever tell anybody anything. If you do, you start missing everybody† (Salinger 214), shows that Holden does not want the chance of losing a loved one again. As Holden transitions to an adult he feels that he is abandoning his brother, because Allie died young. Holden acts in an immature way by trying to stay a child, he isolates himself from his age group because he believes that he is better than his peers. Moreover, Holden is completely alone as he is sent to boarding school on his own. Lisa Privitera writes about Holden â€Å"he tells the world that he made connections and feels the intensity of the emotions these connections bring up for him and that blissful ignorance might have been the better choice†. It is apparent that Holden does not want to get hurt by forming new friendships. Although he may not get hurt the small chance of him being mistreated completely turns him off from forming new relationships. Allie’s death has lead Holden to believe that Holden will lose anyone that was once close to him. Holden is successful in isolating himself because he cannot open himself to others. In both novels the situations are parallel as the characters lose loved ones. In both novels the main characters are resentful towards the community in which they live in. This compels them to go against the norms and to further their isolation. Nomi lives in a strict Mennonite community that is secluded from the rest of the world, and the community disapproves of secular ways. The community has ridiculous rules which are difficult to comply with when living in a western society. This makes it difficult for Nomi to obey the rules, as a result she does not follow the town’s teachings. When Mr. Quiring asked Nomi what she was doing with her life she responded, â€Å"I ended up saying stupid stuff like I just want to be myself, I just want to do things without wondering if there a sin or not. I want to be free† (Toews 48). It is evident that Nomi wants to enjoy herself. Her Mennonite religion has prevented Nomi from being free, as everyone is in a constant struggle to determine if their actions are religiously correct. Nomi, ultimately goes against her community and engages in outrageous behaviours such as doing drugs, partying and having sex with her boyfriend. Margaret Boe Birns states about Nomi, â€Å"She struggles against all things Mennonite. She makes a major departure from the ways of her community when she acquires birth control pills in preparation for her first sexual experience with her boyfriend Travis†. When Nomi engages in sex, she goes against the Mennonite teachings this is scandalous as her uncle â€Å"The Mouth† is the leader of the church. Nomi goes to the extent of burning a sign put up by The Mouth. This ultimately causes Nomi’s excommunication. Nomi rebels against her towns rules and isolates herself, to prove that she is better than what her town have people made to be. Moreover, Holden faces similar challenges to Nomi, as he is resentful towards his school’s community and feels that everyone is phony as he does not fit anywhere. This drives Holden to go to New York before he is to return home from his private school. Like Nomi, Holden partakes in risquà © behaviour. As Holden attempts to relate to someone he ends up associating with the wrong crowd. In one instance Holden calls for a prostitute to come to his room. Instead of engaging in sex, Holden opts for a conversation it is obvious that Holden is in need of a companion. He is unable to create successful relationships because he believes he cannot relate to anyone. Lingdi Chen writes, â€Å"Alienation is both the source of Holden’s strength and the source of his problem†¦his loneliness propels him into his date with Sally Hayes, but his need for isolation causes him to insult her and drive her away.† Holden does not realize that because he isolates himself from his surroundings it gets him into trouble, he begins to drink underage as an attempt to meet new people. Holden is bitter because he cannot relate to anyone and to compensate he acts morally wrong. When Holden is walking alone at night he thinks to himself, â€Å"New York`s terrible when somebody laughs on the street very late at night. You can hear it for miles. It makes you feel so lonesome and depressed. I kept wishing I could go home and shoot the bull with for a while with old people† (Salinger 113). This quote shows in its entirety how lonely Holden is, he lies to himself that New York is quite, as it is known as the city that never sleeps. He does this to make himself feel better that he has no one. In both books the characters end up isolating themselves as they do not agree with the circumstances they are in. Although the Nomi and Holden are at a constant struggle with their isolation, it has made them realize valuable lessons about themselves. Nomi comes to realization that she accepts her Mennonite community. When The Mouth informs Ray that his daughter has been excommunicated he says â€Å"It has been determined, said the mouth. What has? Asked my dad. Nomi’s excommunication, said the mouth†¦ Based on what criteria†¦ lack of attendance†¦ setting fires† (Toews 235). Ray is obviously disheartened that Nomi got excommunicated, but surprisingly Nomi does not leave East Village. Although she has been longing to move out, once she gets the opportunity she does not. Her constant need to be isolated from her town makes her appreciative of her town, but when she is given the opportunity to leave she realizes that she accepts her roots. After Nomi has sex with her boyfriend Travis he abandons her, Nomi’s father Ray also leaves her as he cannot bear to ignore his daughter who is excommunicated. Even though Nomi losses people who are remotely valuable in her life, she decides to stay in East Village. Since, Nomi is isolated she is able to look at the children, notice the beauty in the simple things and she has a reason to stay. Margaret Boe Birns writes â€Å"†¦Nomi hopes her family will one day reunite on earth. There is also a tactic hope that somehow her Mennonite community will find a way to look on the Nickel family with sympathy and understanding†. It is clearly apparent that because Nomi was isolated she is able to be more hopeful of her surroundings. She is no longer resentful of her community, as she believes that one day the Mennonites will approve of her family. This hope provides comfort to Nomi, as she remains alone in the East Village. Like Nomi, Holden learns an important lesson. Holden discovers that maturing is part of life, and he is unable to stop people from growing up. Lingdi Chen argues â€Å"Holden tells the symbolic meaning of the museum’s displays: they appeal to him because they are frozen and unchanging. He also mentions that he is troubled by the fact that he has changed every time when he returns to them†. Holden believes that humans should also mimic the museum displays, and to be true to oneself, one must never change. Holden’s way of thinking enables himself from making friends, as he does not want a relationship with someone who changes. Holden fails to realize that people are always changing as they need to mature and develop character. He would rather save children and prevent them from entering the adult world, so they can maintain their innocence. It is until Holden is with his sister Phoebe, that he makes a realization about human nature. Holden thinks to himself after seeing Phoebe on a carousel trying to catch a ring, â€Å"The things with kids is, if they want to grab the gold ring you have to let them do it and not say anything† (Salinger 221). When Holden allows Phoebe to grab the ring he realizes that people have to learn lessons for themselves, and he cannot protect people from making mistakes, he realizes that these lessons make people grow. Even though there is a possibility that Phoebe may fall catching the ring it allows her to learn and make better judgements. Holden firmly believed that people are phony for changing themselves, but that is because he did not consider that people have to mature. Since Holden was isolated and confined in his sister for comfort, he realized that he cannot prevent people from growing up and people need new journeys. Both, Nomi and Holden learned and grew for the better from their isolation. Nomi Nickel has grown appreciative of her Mennonite community, and Holden has realized that to grow people have to change and make mistakes. They both make these realizations as a result of their isolation. Although, people may need their personal space to think, completely isolating oneself may not be a clever idea. Isolation can cause for problems such as depression, it is better to be open minded to others and the surroundings as new valuable lessons can be learned. Works Cited Birns, Margaret Boe. A Complicated Kindness. Advanced Placement Source. EBSCO, 2007. Web. 31 May 2013. Lingdi Chen. An Analysis of the Adolescent Problems in The Catcher in the Rye. Asian Social Science. N.p., May 2009. Web. 31 May 2013. Privitera, Lisa. Holdens Irony in Salingers THE CATCHER IN THE RYE. Academic Search Alumni Edition. EBSCO, 2008. Web. 31 May 2013. Salinger, J. D. The Catcher in the Rye. Boston: Little, Brown, 1951. Print. Toews, Miriam. A Complicated Kindness: A Novel. New York: Counterpoint, 2004. Print.

Free Canterbury Tales Essays: Rape and Power in The Wife of Bath :: free essay writer

Rape and Power in The Wife of Bath  Ã‚  Ã‚   Geoffrey Chaucer was born in London in 1340 (Fuller 12). Geoffrey Chaucer's fortunes were closely bound with these of John Of Gaunt, the son-in-law to the Earl of Derby (Fuller 12). Around the year 1380, Geoffrey Chaucer was charged with rape by a woman named Cecily Chaumpaigne (Williams 28). It is most likely that a distinguishable character, such as Chaucer would not have been guilty of this charge. However, the word "rape" probably referred to abducting rather than assaulting a woman as it means today (Halliday 68). Cecily Chaumpaigne in 1380 released Chaucer of all charges of "raptu meo," a phrase that could be interpreted as "seizing me" (Williams 28). It is possible that this allegation of rape brought on to Chaucer by Cecily Chaumpaigne, is the very reason behind the Tale of the Wife of Bath.   Ã‚  Ã‚   The Wife of Bath was a plump, florid, jolly, bold, lusty, and voluptuous woman. She was the most valuable of women. The wife of bath cannot resist telling her companions about all of her sexual experiences. She has had five husbands. Her husbands fell into two categories. The first category of husbands was: rich, but also old and unable to fulfill her demands, sexually that is. The other husbands were sexually vigorous, but harder to control. The first three were rich, old, and jealous. She tamed them by accusing them of promiscuous behavior, that she herself practiced. Her fourth husband had a mistress, so she "gave him a real cause for jealousy" (Halliday 119). At the funeral of her first husband she fell in love with the legs of an Oxford clerk. Although he was half her age, he became her fifth husband. This marriage was unhappy because he beat her. To anger her fifth husband, the wife of Bath tore three pages from his book. After this he beat her again. She pretended to be dead and he felt so guilty that he threw his whole book in the fire. This gave her the upper hand for the rest of his life. She presently is looking for a sixth husband when her character is introduced (Halliday 119).   Ã‚  Ã‚   The tale The Wife of Bath tells us all is about a Knight who ultimately rapes a maiden and is sent by the queen on a quest to seek out what it is that women want most.

A summary of the Chapter ‘We Cheer Jim Up Essay

In the chapter ‘We Cheer Jim Up,’ Huck Finn and Tom Sawyer are faced with the challenge of stealing Jim from Tom’s Aunt Sally Phelp’s plantation without being caught. The fact that they have to dig Jim out of a small, dark shack does make this task much harder for the two boys, especially since it is guarded with dogs and other African American slaves. Huck Finn and Tom Sawyer both scheme together to come up with a brilliant plan. They even lie to a slave about their relation to Jim, so to keep their actual friendship with Jim, and their plot to free him, secret. Â  In this chapter, Huck actually feels extremely guilty for committing a sin—stealing some-one’s slave. Normally, Huck enjoys the thrill of living on the edge and engaging in unlawful activities. However, he suddenly feels very apprehensive about this act he and Tom are about to commit and even questions Tom about this. Â  His experience of being held hostage by his drunken father has also enabled Huck to cope and deal with difficult situations in a more mature manner than when he lived with the widow. Nevertheless, Huck is faced with a personal conflict within himself. While he desperately wants to free Jim, he is bothered by the potential consequences that he and, especially Jim, will have to face if caught. A main theme being developed in this chapter is the idea of superstition. The slave that takes Huck and Tom to the shack to see Jim talks about nothing but witches and how he is constantly pestered by their voices. Every sound he hears, he believes it is the witches returning to trouble him. This chapter also introduces one powerful symbol. One might say that the tiny shack symbolizes the bondage African American people experienced on plantation farms back in those days. The darkness and dismal conditions of the shack where Jim was chained and confound also represents the cruel treatment run-away slaves, and African slaves in general, were treated.

Introductory paragraph and online worksheet Essay

I am number three of four children in the family line up, the first and only to go to college. My parents always have been supportive of my going back to school because they did not even finish elementary school. My career plan is to become an Elementary School Teacher or a Marriage and Family Therapist. I am currently working on getting my bachelor’s degree in psychology, possibly a master’s degree in education or counseling. University of Phoenix was one of my first school choices, I loved that I could focus on one class at a time and be able to work full time. The tools available to a University of Phoenix student are amazing; build a career plan, do job market research, online library, personality tests, and much more. My competencies helped me to see what my strengths and weaknesses are such as innovating, writing, adapting to change, and coping with pressure. Once I completed the career interest profiler, I was not surprised to see that my results encouraged me to be a teacher or a therapist because I am interested in that.

Free Essays on National Parks

National parks play a major role in protecting and managing our environment by preserving the current state of Australia and the rest of the world. National parks protect species of flora and fauna as well as protecting the soil and waterways. They provide a habitat and environment for natural species without human interference. National parks are important for our future because if some species are depleted or become extinct they will endanger our survival. In 1879 the first national park was declared near Sydney (Royal National Park). Since then the number of national parks in Australia has boomed. Setting aside areas of national park is designed to:- Â · Provide a habitat and environment for native species. Â · Allow visitors to enjoy outdoor activities such as abseiling bushwalking, canoeing, orienteering, mountaineering and rock-climbing. Â · Preserve historic sites in their original beauty such as aboriginal sites. Â · Allow flora and fauna to exist in their natural environment without human interference. Â · Offer educational experiences for all visitors, as well as catering for scientific study and research groups. Â · Keep soil and waterways in their pristine conditions. There are over 500 national parks in Australia, which include all of the above in their programs. Only 2.4% of Australia is designated national park; hopefully in years to come this will grow to a reasonable amount. National parks are usually proclaimed because of unusual natural beauty, historical value, scientific value, educational purposes, leisure activities or (contrary to what some people think) they have no other use. National parks provide all these promoting careful management of our environment. Without certain species problems will begin to arise as demonstrated in the following chart. A certain plant species die due to industrial waste being dumped in the forests or rivers. Certain worm species have nothing to eat bec... Free Essays on National Parks Free Essays on National Parks National parks play a major role in protecting and managing our environment by preserving the current state of Australia and the rest of the world. National parks protect species of flora and fauna as well as protecting the soil and waterways. They provide a habitat and environment for natural species without human interference. National parks are important for our future because if some species are depleted or become extinct they will endanger our survival. In 1879 the first national park was declared near Sydney (Royal National Park). Since then the number of national parks in Australia has boomed. Setting aside areas of national park is designed to:- Â · Provide a habitat and environment for native species. Â · Allow visitors to enjoy outdoor activities such as abseiling bushwalking, canoeing, orienteering, mountaineering and rock-climbing. Â · Preserve historic sites in their original beauty such as aboriginal sites. Â · Allow flora and fauna to exist in their natural environment without human interference. Â · Offer educational experiences for all visitors, as well as catering for scientific study and research groups. Â · Keep soil and waterways in their pristine conditions. There are over 500 national parks in Australia, which include all of the above in their programs. Only 2.4% of Australia is designated national park; hopefully in years to come this will grow to a reasonable amount. National parks are usually proclaimed because of unusual natural beauty, historical value, scientific value, educational purposes, leisure activities or (contrary to what some people think) they have no other use. National parks provide all these promoting careful management of our environment. Without certain species problems will begin to arise as demonstrated in the following chart. A certain plant species die due to industrial waste being dumped in the forests or rivers. Certain worm species have nothing to eat bec...

Franz Kline Biography

Franz Kline Biography Franz Klines life story reads like a movie plot: Young artist starts out with high hopes, spends years struggling without success, eventually finds a style, becomes an overnight sensation and dies too soon. Kline was best known for his role as an action painter of abstract expressionism, a movement that was popular in New York during the 1940s and 1950s and introduced the world to artists including Jackson Pollock and Willem de Kooning. Early Life Kline was born on May 23, 1910  Wilkes-Barre, Pennsylvania. As the cartoonist for his high school newspaper, Kline was a good enough student to leave coal-mining country and attend Boston University. With budding artistic ambition, he went   to study at the Art Students League, and then Heatherly Art School in London. In 1938, he returned to the U.S. with his British wife and settled in New York City. Art Career It seemed New York really didnt care much that Kline had talent back in England and was ready to take on the world. He struggled for years as a figurative artist, doing portraits for two loyal patrons that won him a modest reputation. He also painted city scenes and landscapes, and occasionally resorted to painting barroom murals to pay the rent money. In the mid 1940s, he met de Kooning and Pollock, and began to explore his own growing interest in trying new styles of painting. Kline had been noodling around with black and white for years, creating small brush drawings and projecting them onto the wall of his studio. Now he got rather serious about creating the projected images using just his arm, brush and mental imagery. The pictures that began to emerge were given a solo exhibition in New York in 1950. As a result of the show, Franz became an established name in the art world and his large, black and white compositions- likened to grids, or Oriental calligraphy- achieved notoriety. With his reputation as a leading abstract expressionist secured, Kline concentrated on turning out his new passion. His new work had short, seemingly meaningless names, such as Painting (sometimes followed by a number), New York, Rust or the old stand-by Untitled. He spent his last years trying to introduce color back into the mix, but was cut down in his prime by heart failure. Kline died on May 13, 1962 in New York City. He couldnt explain what his paintings meant, but Kline left the art world with the understanding that explanation of his art was not its intended purpose. His paintings were supposed to make one feel, not comprehend. Important Works Chief, 1950Painting, 1952Painting Number 2, 1954White Forms, 1955Untitled, 1955Lehigh V Span, 1960Le Gros, 1961 Famous Quote The final test of a painting, theirs, mine, any other, is: does the painters emotion come across?

Organisations and Behaviour Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words - 1

Organisations and Behaviour - Essay Example 287). These norms and values determine the way the groups and people in organizationsinteract with each other within the organization and with other stakeholders outside the organization. Different organizations have vast cultures because they depend on the organization’s nature of business. Organizational culture influences a sense of identity to the employees,which in turn enhances commitment to something larger than the usual self. This paper will analyse a summative review of Siemens organizational structure and culture and compare it with organizations. Comparing and contrasting different organizational structures and culture with that of SiemensCompany Siemens is the world’s largest electrical engineering and electronics company whose headquarters is based in Germany and has branches that operates in 193 countries worldwide (Tung 2001, p. 183). Despite that the company has operated internationally, it focused on the German home market until the 1990s when it restr uctured. This restructuring process meant that Siemens had to change its old organizational structure and culture towards a new and ethical one (Phillips & Gully 2012, p. 481). The new organizational structure and culture is complex because Siemens is a diverse company situated in diverse locations in the world. Nevertheless, the company embraces the flow of internal and external communication where semiformal strategy is utilized. More so, the leaders exercise and maintain a semi-formal attitude that encourages employees to communicate especially when considered that the company is diversifying far and wide towards other foreign markets. Wal-Mart is a renowned retail outlet in the world,whosestructure and culture were set by its founder Sam Walton. The founder had clear objectives for the companythat had to be achieved by adhering to values and principles. Wal-Mart’s organizational structure is designed in a way that it enables it to have a wide range of control because it c learly identifies employees and authority roles. More so, Wal-Mart maintains a good working environment that encourages the employees to have trust, which in turn enhances good customer services (Solomon 2004, p. 5).The company also has a strong organizational culture that depicts through its mission statement, which aims at providing better quality products at lower prices than any other competitor provides. This culture affects the company's business because it determines the prosperity of the business. Apple is a world’s outstanding high technology company based in the U.S. The structure of the company could be referred to as nonexistent because the company has no clear set principles. This means that, Apple makes its decision depending on the work at hand. The granted freedom allowed employees to make decisions at different levels and the corporate office had a hard task keeping track of spending and purchasing, an aspect that once affected Apple’s profitability (D ubrin 2012, p. 287). The culture of Apple Inc. is of a rare case because the company has no chain of command that supervises the employees. This means that the employees are self-motivated; hence, pushing them to work hard because they do not have bosses to push them around. In comparison, the three organizational structures have a common similarity of creating a friendly working environme

Risk managment Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words - 1

Risk managment - Essay Example This experience is of immense help to the management studies and the hospitality industry, particularly in these days of great emphasis on globalization and expanding service industry. From the days of human existence as food gatherers to the present day global enterprises, mankind faced risks. It is appropriate to say that risk and enterprise go hand in hand. Fortunately, the science of risk management has also been expanding based on the experiences on one hand, and the compelling laws that define an enterprise’s responsibility in the event of a disaster. Industrial revolution and expanding markets gave rise to increased use of machinery as well as laborers in the production processes, thus multiplying risks. The character and expanse of risks are changing from individuals to communities, from human beings to natural environment, from local areas to global spread and much more. From the relatively simple industrial accidents to the massive disasters such as the nuclear power plants at The Three Mile Islands and the Chernobyl plant, the Bhopal Gas Tragedy, the Exxon-Valdez/BP-Gulf of Mexico oil spills we have witnessed the changing face of enterprise risks. Significant developments in the form of globalization is leading to another kind of risk viz., the financial risk that spreads across the globe in quick time as was witnessed during the Asian crisis of the late 90s and the global meltdown in the past two years. With the emergence of the Internet and information technology, newer kind of risks includes systemic problems, fraud, and privacy issues. The term risk could mean deviating from the normal course of a particular structure, activity or establishment, as the case maybe, which means it is probable that something could happen and this is within a range, which is from 0 to 100 percent probability. In other words, it

Discussion Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words - 76

Discussion - Essay Example Target countries could be developed or emerging economies. In this respect, product quality is critical to consumer tastes and preferences. Any country or economy can make high quality or low quality products. For example, china is a leading global economy but most of her industrial products are perceived to be low quality. Emerging economies, therefore, have the potential to outperform China in terms of product quality. Personally, I agree with the India-China comparison. Both developed and emerging economies have their strengths and weaknesses. In this respect, the primary factors to consider are consumer preferences, product price, and product quality based on past purchases reviews. I agree with the argument that social, economic, and political factors play a significant role in influencing consumer perceptions. Issues of free trade, product price, brand loyalty, and country of origin elicit mixed reactions with regard to product quality. However, consumer satisfaction outweighs all forms of

Basic Management and Organisational Theory

Basic Management and Organisational Theory CONTRIBUTIONS STRENGTHS WEAKNESSES CLASSICAL THEORY It is purposeful and investigational attitude. Supervision personnel and organization more efficiently. The whole thing planned and organized harmony of expertise and maintenance by administrators. Goal on construction, developments and superfluous of organization. Lots of broadside effort HUMANISTIC THEORY This concept concentration on humanistic viewpoint.it contributes additional position to individuals. Because of communal considerate in people announcement greater than before. Individuals are complicated in so there is more harmony in conclusion manufacture. It combined with societies internal emotional state and self-concepts CONTINGENCY THEORY This is uncluttered coordination methodology and there is no one way of management the state of affairs.it deal the changed condition another way. No have confidence in in ‘one unsurpassed way’ so many procedures and philosophies are used. It’s reasonably composite and no one truthful administrative approach that mechanism in all state of affairs. IDENTIFY 2 ORGANIZATIONAL STRUCTURES: Functional Structure Divisional Structure DESCRIBE The organization is separated into dissimilar subdivisions based on the occupations when management. This allows the organization to intensification the proficiencies of well-designed individuals. These type of organization division the functioning areas of organization into farewells. Each leave-taking has its own capitals in order to occupation autonomously. COMPARE In purposeful construction there is announcement between the decision-making constable and his operates which work efficiently in exhume subdivision. In regional structure numerous sections are occupied composed to spring outputs.in this structure there is no communication allowed in different branches and sub-departments. 1.3 SOURCES OF POWER, INFLUENCE AND AUTHORITY: Legitimate source it’s also known as the positional influence. It’s consequent from the situation of an individual that is grip in an organization. Expert source-it’s originates from knowledge or teaching. Reward source operative supposes some type of recompense from their bosses. Referent source referent authority mentions to the individual who has desirability towards their instruction. Coercive source- operative has terror of enthusiastic or downgraded. IMPACT ON PRESENT DAY ORGS: There is enormous influence of these foundations of influence; inspiration and specialist to contemporary era organization. To clench of the organization both administration squads wants that they must binary or extra foundations. To brand persons under their regulator every now and then they secondhand recompense authority like growth income, elevations. EFFECTIVENESS ON PRESENT DAY ORGS There are several influences that can influence the effectiveness of organization.in the more technical world people are highly technical, knowledgeable. They are more self-assured and believe in their competences. They have the boldness to ‘to do’ things rendering this altering biosphere. 1.4 Â  COMPARISON ON TRADITIONAL AND CURRENT PERSPECTIVE DELEGATIONIn former standpoint individuals delicacies like teen-ager.in the ancient assignment is finished straightly. People come interfering. Every education of the diplomacies gives to face-to-face. Today with accumulative of knowledge it becomes supplementary unceremonious, and now it’s completed by methodological ways and means like e-mails, and texts, Which is more hazardous and perilous. PARTICIPATIONIn terms of contribution, people continuously check the strategies before esteem less what type of elegance they assume. When personnel are complex in the modification exertion they are additional likely to purchase into modification somewhat than struggle it. This method is likely to subordinate fighting more so than just hopeful individuals will consent to transformation. DECISION MAKINGDecision making is identical communal these days. One and all has their specific thinking and professional in equipment.in pronouncement making general public share their designs and plan which is greatly consumed today associate to the ancient. 1.5 IDENTIFY THE PRINCIPLES FOR COORDINATION: Principles of direct contact-there are straight connection between administrators and dependents and the result will be virtuous affiliation between them. Principle of continuity it is not a erstwhile commotion. The progression of synchronization flinches when the association twitches and it’s endure until the association be existent. Principle of reciprocity-the arrangements of all the general public of association are inter-related in.so the pronouncements of one somebody will disturb to all other persons on an association. PAST AND CURRENT RELEVENCE TO MGT EFFECTIVITY: Perpendicular synchronization can be designated as cable of guidelines which is in mandate.in this management statement between companies and supervise is made by consultant who helps in accomplishing administrative goal. On the other hand in straight management there is announcement between sectors to constituent part. TASK 2 2.1 RELEVANCE AND APPLICATION OF THE MOTIVATION THEORIES 2.1.1 – Humanistic Motivational Theory, Incentive Theory Relevance: Humanistic theory is the most well-known theory of motivation. According to these theory human is ambitious to perform their best potential and will always do so unless difficulties are placed in their way. These obstacles include food and shelter, financial problems. The relevance of incentive theory people is motivated to do things in the workforce because of external rewards like money, reward. This theory describes that particular motivation. Application: These theories can be used by the management employers to check the performance of their staff. Employers also understand that their staffs have number of needs that they want to be filled. This way the management comes aware of his responsibility to satisfy these needs. Expectancy theory, Equity theory Relevance: Expectancy theory is best described as process theory.it explains why individuals choose one behavioural options over others because they believe that their decision will lead them their desires. The concept of equity theory is that people get their job satisfaction by analyse their inputs and outputs with other people in the same workforce. Application These theories can be used as consideration example in workforce.it will very helpful for people who are doing their job very hardly. 2.2MANAGERIAL APPROACHES TO MOTIVATION AND THEIR DISTINCTIVE CONTRIBUTIONS 1 Pay and job performance The main contribution of this approach is that it defines the belief in the employees that if they give outstanding performance in their organization then they will get some rewards. 2 Quality of work life programs The contribution of this approach is to describe the ways and programs so employees make their working life better. 2.3POSITIVE OR NEGATIVE IMPLICATION OF THE SOME MANAGEMENT STYLE IN RELATION TO MGT PRATICE: Autocratic style: manager takes all the important decision without involvement from workers. Positive implication: decision making very quickly. Controlling large number of low skilled workers. Negative implication: one way communication. The staff would like to give new ideas to management but this creativity is not respected by the managers. Participative style: managers expect lots of feedback from their staff before coming to a conclusion and making a decision. Positive implication: two way communication to motivating. This is problem solving process and openness to new ideas can result in innovation. Negative implication: this is very slow down decision making process. Still quite dictatorial and autocratic style of management. 2.4 EXAMINATION OF JOB DESIGN FOR MARKETING MANAGER Motivational effects: in terms of characteristics the motivational effect is very high and very exciting, in this task people from various culture involved. And they will get chance to share their views an get chance to gain knowledge.in terms of personal individual don’t get chance to mingle with other people. They have to do their things itself What are the implication of the job design for management The implication of the job design for management depends on capability. The organization looks for the most capable person to handle problems. The thing that is more demanding and needed mostly on the job design is not only the business skills. A person who is cultured and worldly is more entailed on the job design. 2.5 SOCIAL INFLUENCE ON INDIVIDUAL WORK EFFECTIVENESS AND MOTIVATION Social influence like values, rules, customs which effect work effectiveness and motivation. People have their own way to working and solve problems. The management should conscious to these matters. The team leader should know that every member has its own personality and skills. And no one wants to change his/her beliefs for the team. Rather everyone should learn something new from other culture. TASK 3: 3.1 LEADERSHIP VS.MANAGEMENT The role of a leader is to set new vision for the company. Leader focus on people. On the other hand, the role of the manager the manager focuses on systems and structure. The manager relies on control. 3.2IMPACT OF MGT AND LEADERSHIP ROLES ON ORG.STRUCTURE Leader is responsible continually analysing and developing the organizations effectiveness and ability to meet the needs of its members. The manager is the one who implement the plans made by leader. 3.3COMPARE TWO DIFFERENT LEADERSHIP STYLES AND IDENTIFY AND CONTRAST LEADERSHIP STYLE DIFFRENCES SIMILARITIES ATTRIBUTES SKILLLS STRENGTHS WEAKNESS Democratic Democratic style follows people suggestions. A visionary leader is who turn his colleagues towards a common goal. These both style working for people and organization in different working way. Encourage employee to be part of decision making, creativity is encouraged. Staff members involves in decision making. Increase employee motivation and commitment to the decision making. It takes time for decision making. visionary People share information openly. Motivating people Leaders must have convincing power. Definite and clear vision. Sometimes leader have all the power.